- Trichinella
- Opisthorchosis
- Toxocarosis
- Echinococcosis
Trichinella is a type of parasitic roundworm of the nematode type that causes trichinellosis. The main source of infection is raw or poorly fried pork, rarely wild boar and other wild animals. The first symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and the development of bacteremia and sepsis is possible in the future.
Opisthorchosis is a parasitic disease caused by worms of the genus Opisthorchis. The main product of infection is fish of the carp family. The mild form is asymptomatic. The severe form is accompanied by abdominal pain, lack of appetite, fever, fatigue, yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes. In the future, swelling, enlargement of the gallbladder, liver damage are possible. Opisthorchosis is associated with bile duct cancer.
Toxocariasis is a disease caused by the larvae of Toxocara roundworms. Infection comes from dogs, cats or foxes. Transmission to humans usually occurs by ingestion of helminth eggs. The mild form is asymptomatic. In the severe form, there is a decrease in immunity, cough, fever, abdominal pain, headache, drowsiness, inflammation of internal organs and the central nervous system.
Echinococcosis is a disease caused by Echinococcus tapeworms. The intermediate hosts of the helminth are herbivores, dogs are the final hosts, and humans are the accidental hosts. The disease can be asymptomatic for a long time. With echinococcosis, the liver is affected in 75% of cases, in 5-15% the lungs, and in 10-20% - other organs - the spleen, brain, heart and kidneys. Patients develop fluid-filled cysts. Clinical manifestations of the infection depend on the location of the cysts and their size. Immunoenzymatic analysis of blood allows to detect antibodies of the IgG class to helminths - opistarchs, toxocars, trichinella and echinococci. The analysis helps to differentiate worm infestation and establish a diagnosis.
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Indications for analysis
- examination of patients who eat raw river fish (opisthorchosis), raw meat (trichinellosis), and also come in contact with infected animals, soil and water (veterinarians, utility workers, gardeners - toxocarosis and echinococcosis);
- registration of a child in a kindergarten/camp/swimming pool/in case of hospitalization.
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How to prepare a child for analysis?
Before passing the analysis, it is necessary to exclude the intake of drugs, if it is impossible to cancel the intake of drugs, it is necessary to inform the laboratory about this. Blood for research is given only on an empty stomach. Before donating venous blood, it is desirable to rest for 15 minutes, 12 hours before the study, you should exclude alcohol, smoking, eating, and limit physical activity. Before donating blood, children under 5 years of age must be drunk with boiled water (portions of up to 150-200 ml within 30 minutes).